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A agenda verde está bem e recomenda-se. Putin deu uma grande ajuda!
Mas a produção de petróleo e gás continua bem acima das metas exigíveis...
Os preços de produção das energias renováveis caíram abaixo dos preços das fósseis. Os primeiros que entraram nesta mudança de paradigma enriqueceram à custa dos subsídios pagos pelos consumidores (direta ou indiretamente); os que vieram depois encontram-se perante um negócio com margens de rentabilidade decrescentes, ainda assim interessante, pois tem uma estabilidade de preços potencial, no que toca às respetivas matérias primas, que as energias fósseis não têm... Putin ajudou a acelerar esta tendência, claro!
O petróleo e o gás natural continuam a ser imensamente importantes na indústria (por exemplo na produção de betumes, pásticos, fertilizantes, fibras sintéticas, medicamentos, etc.)
[Products made from Oil and Natural Gas]
EL ECONOMISTA (12.06.2023) — La burbuja de las renovables explota tras hundirse los precios un 25%
El precio de los desarrollos de energías renovables cae con fuerza en España. Según fuentes financieras consultadas por este diario, los proyectos con autorizaciones para la construcción (Ready to build) han pasado de venderse a más de 200.000 euros el MW a cerca de 150.000 euros, lo que supone un retroceso del 25% en tres meses y la tendencia a la baja se mantiene para el segundo trimestre de este año.
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La coyuntura actual (...) anima a que se produzca una oleada de ventas de proyectos.
El incremento del número de 'curtailments' que se ha registrado en nuestro país supone que una parte de la energía generada por las renovables acaba perdiéndose por problemas en las redes. Un informe de Aurora Research indicó que esta cantidad se ha multiplicado por diez al pasar de 67 GWh a 715 GWh en 2022, lo que supuesto un desembolso adicional para los consumidores de más de 1.100 millones de euros.
Asimismo, otro los factores que está provocando el pinchazo de esta burbuja se sitúa en la creciente presencia de un mayor número de energías renovables en el mix de español -se espera que este año puedan llegar a suponer el 55% de la generación eléctrica-, lo que está provocando un aumento del número de horas en las que el mercado mayorista de la electricidad está volviendo a registrar precios casi cero y en algunos casos cerca de negativos.
WILL LOCKETT/ Medium (9.6.2023) — The End Of Oil Is Nigh
But we are still miles away from saving the planet.
...according to a recent IEA report, back in 2016, investment in clean energy outpaced investment in oil and gas, and last year's investment in solar outpaced investment in the entire oil industry! But why has money started flowing towards clean energy so rapidly? And, is this enough to end oil and save planet Earth from our climate crimes?
On the face of it, this IEA report is excellent news. They found that if the pace of investment in clean energy carries on its upward trajectory, then “aggregate spending in 2030 on low-emission power, grids and storage, and end-use electrification would exceed the levels required to meet the world’s announced climate pledges.” They also found that for some technologies, such as solar, investment is on a trajectory that is on track for a 1.5 °C stabilization in global average temperatures. In other words, we are on track to save the world!
Or are we? This report also found that investment in fossil fuels is double the maximum allowed if nations meet their stated pledges to reduce emissions. So, even if clean energy does grow to the size that can enable a net-zero world, the fossil fuel industry is set to render this gargantuan effort pointless.
To give you an idea of the scale of the problem here, back in 2021, another report from the IEA found that in order to meet our climate target of only 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming by 2050, investment in new oil, coal and gas projects would need to end that year. But in 2023, just the oil and gas industry is set to spend $950 billion on new unabated (untapped) oil and gas. That is a 6% increase from 2022.
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The main reason countries looked to replace Russian gas with renewables is that renewables are far more independent. A coal, oil or gas-fired power plant needs fuelling for its entire life span, and many Western nations either don’t have enough resources to supply this fuel themselves, or it is too expensive for them to mine/extract them. As such, they need to import these fossil fuels, putting their energy grid at risk of blackmail, as with Russia and the EU. In contrast, a solar or wind farm will deliver power for decades with practically no need to import anything, which increases the energy security of the country they power and helps to give countries back their energy independence.
In this way, renewables have become a key investment for national security for many nations, which has driven investment way up. It also means that investments in the oil industry can undermine national security, particularly those that fund international oil projects.
But renewables are also cheaper and more profitable than fossil fuels! Thanks to continued advancements, economies of scale and some breakthrough developments, the cost of renewables has fallen year-on-year for the past few decades. Thanks to this trend, it now costs less to build new wind or solar farms than to build new oil or gas-fired power plants. So, the upfront investment is now no longer a problem for renewables. But, as solar and wind don’t need to buy tonnes of fuel, their cost of energy is also far less. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of wind and solar are up to $75 per MWh and $96 per MWh, respectively. In contrast, gas power costs up to $221 per MWh, and coal costs up to $166 per MWh!
This means that investors are now making more from renewables than oil. This is also backed up by the IEA, which found that returns in renewables have been 367% higher than in the oil industry.
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